Because physical modeling of the PV cell is inefficient to analyze the output data of photovoltaic cells so with the help of mathematical modeling approach, the analysis is done. In this study the mathematical modeling of the   photovoltaic   cell   and   the   step-by-step   simulation procedure of photovoltaic cells in the matlab Simulink is shown.  Photovoltaic array   made   up   of   photovoltaic   modules   has   non-linear characteristics.   This   photovoltaics   simulation   is   based   on   the fundamental mathematical equation of the photovoltaic cell taking all the physical and environmental effects such as cell temperature and irradiation. To determine the characteristics of PV modules in various situations, namely at various levels of irradiance and temperature. The results indicated that the power output, voltage, and current output of a PV module may be determined by varying the irradiation and temperature. In this paper a relation between cell temperature, irradiation and efficiency is proposed and all the effects are analyzed.

Sustainable material are often applied to mitigate earthquake response in geotechnical engineering. In this paper a layer of rubber-sand mixture (RSM) is used to mitigate earthquake induced liquefaction potential of an RC building. For this purpose, a numerical analysis is carried with 1 D beam model using SAP2000. It is established that around 40% reduction in pile head displacement is achieved with 2.5 m deep RSM layer showing a sustainable solution in earthquake hazard mitigation

A topology of converters is presented in this paper which is fused cuk-zeta topology connected with hybrid PV- wind. It is also connected with MPPT to obtain maximum power from a hybrid PV-wind system. This topology is invented to find the maximum voltage from the system in minimum current. In this system, it is found that a hybrid system with a fused converter is more beneficial than a single-source connected with only one converter. This system also removes the need for passive input filters. P and O algorithm is used in MPPT and for this work, MATLAB software is used.

New types of thin film batteries made from bio-degradable, versatile, man-made sources along with adequate physical properties such as electronic conductivity, inter-diffusion coefficient and better energy storage capacity.  Such properties are needed to replace the current technology, based on graphite as anode material as well as LiPF6, LiMnO4, LiCoO2 as electrolyte which are non-biodegradable and scarce elements. Earlier super-capacitors were discovered with higher capacitance but they had low energy storage. Therefore, modern technologies require fast charging as well as long lasting systems which are provided by paper battery. A paper battery is an advanced form of lithium-ion battery, prepared by depositing components such as single walled carbon nanotube over the cellulose substrate. This review paper focuses on the different deposition techniques as well as the properties of different components used in the paper battery. One of the most promising materials showing charge detaining properties in paper batteries is single walled carbon nanotube. Single walled carbon nanotube as the anode material, electrolyte as urea/sweat/blood which is non-toxic, bio-degradable as well as cathode in the form of lithium metal incorporated with single walled carbon nanotube are a primary constituents of a paper battery. This study also reviews the methods for construction of various constituents of a paper battery and discusses the various technologies involved.

In the recent years, many researchers have been worked on hydrogen storage in metal hydrides. Hydrogen storage in solid is new and safest way to store hydrogen in the forms of pressurized gas and cryogenic liquid. The magnesium (Mg) based hydride materials have been believed to one of the best capable hydrogen storage materials because of cost-effective and high hydrogen storage capability. The slow hydrogen absorption - desorption rate and high hydrogen absorption - desorption temperature bind these materials to use in the hydrogen storage applications. This review article overviews the current status of Mg-based metal hydrides thin films used for hydrogen storage. The Mg-based thin films metal hydrides like Mg-M (M-Ti, Ni, Mn, Co, Al) have been attracted much attention for hydrogen storage in last few years, because these materials have good storage of hydrogen having great reversible process, up to 7.6 wt%. Electrodes based on thin films inspire to see progress on magnesium based fuel cells. In addition, changes in electronic state of Mg-based materials reveals, after hydrogenation by means of metal-isolator transition, these materials may be used in many other applications viz. optical sensors, solar collectors, hydrogen sensors, smart windows, semiconductor electronics and solar cells.

The solar PV source is getting more attention due to abundant availability and cost effectiveness but the generated power has low DC voltage. Hence, Voltage step up is becoming the most important task for researchers and engineers due to more adaptability of renewable power generation sources into daily life. This paper is dedicated to step-up the voltage level by using a dc-dc converter domain with the quasi-Z-source (QZS) network. This paper has discussed QZS dc-dc converter with a switched capacitor, active switched-capacitor/switched-inductor QZS converter, a dc-dc converter with modified QZS network and modelled in MATLAB Simulink for experimental study and result in analysis is done at different duty cycles. The obtained results are compared along with one another for finding the voltage boost up the capacity of each converter topology.

Power generation through renewable sources is increasing day by day which needs voltage boosting methods that can enhance the output voltage level for various useful applications. This paper is dedicated to step-up the voltage level of 48 V Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFC) system by using the quasi-Z-source (QZS) dc-dc converter-based network as the boosting ability of conventional dc-dc converter is limited. This paper has discussed high voltage gain QZS dc-dc converter and hybrid two & three QZS converter with fuel-cell to enhance voltage level. The MATLAB Simulink software is used to check the feasibility of converters for voltage boosting. The experimental study with result analysis at different duty cycle is performed to validate the Simulink models. The obtained results are compared with one another for verdict the voltage boost up capacity of each converter topology.

Available solar energy is in diluted form; therefore, we need a reflector to collect solar thermal energy.  Parabolic dish collector is a good source for medium and high-temperature ranges. It is used to increase the concentrated heat flux at the receiver surface. Due to the high concentration ratio temperature of the localized surface of the receiver is very high.  Therefore, to reduce the localized point heat flux on the flat receiver surface, we disperse the concentrated flux over the entire surface using the optimization of the receiver placement.  In existing design criteria, the receiver is placed at a focal point called a focal plane, but with the help of numerical simulation of the parabolic dish collector using COMSOL Multiphysics^®, we replaced the receiver over the optimal plane, where heat flux gets distributed up to the entire surface without hampering the efficiency of the system. We design a 1 kW output system of a parabolic dish collector for numerical solution. The average available beam radiation is taken 700 W/m2 for 6 hours a day for simulation. The projected diameter of the collector is 7.08 m², and the receiver diameter is varied from concentration ratio 80 to 120, and the rim angle is varying from 15° to 90°. It is observed that a 45° rim angle is more efficient, and localized heat flux is overcome when the receiver is placed at the optimal plane, and efficiency losses are less than 2%.

Nanoparticle plays a vital role in heat transfer application considering this advantage, we synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticle using modified sol-gel method and characterized it using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Field Emission Microscopy (SEM) and High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM). XRD and HRTEM confirm that synthesized nanoparticle is pure zinc oxide nanoparticles, with an average size of about 20 nm. Further, it is dispersed with the water to get ZnO-water nanofluid. Four samples of ZnO nanoparticles having a volume fraction of 0.01%, 0.1%, 1% and 5% are dispersed in water and sonicated for 2 hours. After sonication, thermal conductivity analysis of ZnO-water nanofluid is done by KD2 Pro.  The thermal conductivity of nanofluid is compared with the base fluid. 0.01% doping shows no significant enhancement of thermal conductivity but 0.1%, 1% and 5% shows 0.5%, 4.5% and 23.7% thermal conductivity enhancement respectively. Therefore, ZnO-water nanofluid is a good thermic fluid for future heat transfer applications.