Waste is defined as material by-products of any kind that have no residual value from human or industrial activities. Elimination of brick dust landfills is a serious and important task that is being considered by many countries around the world. The reuse of brick dust for road construction is a sustainable solution to ecological problems. Reuse of brick dust reduces road construction and landfill costs. The purpose of this study was to examine the overall performance of a bituminous concrete mix in which brick dust replaced certain combinations of specific aggregates in different proportions. In this study, brick dust was used in proportion of 5%, 10% and 15% as a substitute for natural sand. The optimum range of substitution was determined on the basis of results obtained from Marshall Parameters. In general, studies have shown that the use of brick dust in bituminous Concrete mixes is acceptable.

Resource depletion is a serious concern in civil engineering, and road development is not immune. Because of the large-scale road building, there is a high demand for aggregate, resulting in a lot of blasting, quarrying, crushing, and so on. On the other side, industrial byproducts and locally accessible materials pose environmental and landfill issues, but they may be used in road building. The marshall mix characteristics of hot mix asphalt incorporating sandstone waste as a substitute for fine aggregate was examined in this experimental investigation. In this experimental work, sandstone waste in different percentages including 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% were used. Several tests were conducted on flexible pavement including los angeles abrasion, aggregate impact value, aggregate crushing test, Shape test and Marshall stability test. Raising the percentage replacement from 0% to75%, marshall stability increases than reduced on increasing sandstone waste. Maximum strength was observed when fine aggregate was substituted with sandstone waste upto 50 to 75 %. It was also observed that at 50% replacement of fine aggregate with sandstone waste fulfilled the whole requirement of DBM layer of pavement according to MORTH Specification and can be used in pavement as an alternative of fine aggregate. It reduces the cost of material and decrease the environmental problem. It can also be used in pavement where traffic load is less.

With the recent growth in wireless communication, non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) plays an essential role in the 5G network. In the event of natural disasters protecting the life of peoples has been playing an important role around the world. Natural disasters cannot be bypassed, but their effect can be mitigated by a comprehensive network model of the disaster management system. In this paper, an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) and ad-hoc NOMA-BS can be applied for serving the ground users in a non-functional area (NFA) or disaster area. Disaster areas can be divided into two, such as wide area and confined area. However, a UAV can communicate to ground users based on line-of-sight (LoS) and non-line-of-sight (NLoS) in a wide area using a scheduling approach. Also, an ad-hoc NOMA-BS can serve NOMA signal to ground users in a confined area. Furthermore, a mode selection algorithm can be applied for the users to determine whether they are nearer to UAV and ad-hoc NOMA BS or not. The expression for coverage probability and average rate are developed in our proposed UAV-assisted NOMA network. The outage probability, coverage probability, and average rate are investigated for several network parameters. Finally, results are shown via simulation in MATLAB.

Rumors are misleading information that are not sustained at the time of circulation and are not true at the time of verification. In other words, Rumors are set of linguistic, symbolic or tactile propositions whose veracity is not quickly or ever confirmed. As the popularity of social networking sites has increased, in recent years, incorrect information and rumors have circulated widely causing a significant influence on people’s lives. .  Microblogging platforms are an excellent way to spread rumors and automatically disprove them in critical situations. Existing approaches to detecting rumors have depended on hand-crafted features for utilizing machine learning algorithms, which necessitates a significant amount of manual effort. In this work, we have used stylometric and word vector features and put them into machine learning models.  These features are extracted from the twitter-16 dataset and by applying SVM, we have attained the highest accuracy in compare to existing newest studies.

Feature extraction is an important part in speech emotion recognition, and in relevance feature extraction in speech emotion recognition problems, this paper projected a fresh technique of feature extraction, victimization DBNs in DNN to extract emotional options in speech signal automatically. By implementing a 9 layers depth DBNs, to extract speech emotion feature and incorporate multiple consecutive frames to create a high dimensional feature. An improved CNN model is presented here which consists of combination of convolution 1d layers and generalized to form a 9 layer architecture of CNN (convolutional neural network), model accuracy has been checked with respect to emotion classes such as considering 5 emotions considered as angry, calm, fearful, happy, sad for male as well as female and eventually speech emotion recognition multiple classifier system was achieved. The speech feeling recognition rate of the system reached 89.00% that was approx. 14% additional over the conventional technique.

Many electromechanical devices operation is dependent on timing concept. Different constituent parts are programmed to function on timestamp. In many home and industrial applications, timer switches form one of the major components. It is usually used for the operation of such devices. In this work, a simple but robust general-purpose universal programmable digital timer (UPDT) is proposed. The UPDT switch is a software-based timer with an interface that can be connected to a variety of devices to act as a switch for their operations. It is designed to perform a cyclic operation up to 100 times with a maximum switching time of 100 hours. The module presented in this work is capable of being used for the operation of a variety of devices such as utility load shedding device, water pump control, automatic poultry feed dispenser, automatic lawn watering system, among others.

The aim of the system is to develop a system that will reduce the power loss due to power thefts and the hassle of paying the bill. Consumption of energy is increasing due to multiple factors and to improve the energy efficiency, consumers need to be more aware of their energy consumption. Recently, utilities have started developing new electric energy meters which are known as smart meters. Smart meters will enable two-way and real-time communication between the consumers and the provider. The meter which we are going to develop compute the energy and transfer the details to the energy provider, and notify the user through SMS messages. The traditional system will be replaced with the proposed system and enables multiple new features which will be beneficial for both energy provider and user. One of the benefit is that the meter readings can be monitored remotely without the person visiting each house

In 2008, the launch of the Tesla proved to the public electrical vehicles' ability for fuel and greenhouse gases reduction in the transport sector. It brought the worldwide spotlight on electric vehicles when, because of increased demand and fossil fuel prices, they reached unexpectedly high and developing countries needed strong economic growth. The capacity for energy storage by electric cars as well as the likely random discharge and loading of the grid are important challenges in operation and maintenance. The Optimal preparation techniques are important for large number of vehicles to be incorporated with the smart grid and electric vehicles. Greenhouse gas emissions are one of the major environmental problems and their emission rates are rising more quickly with rapid industrialization. This can be overcome by solar energy for transport. The purpose of the work proposed is to include a technology that supports green energy; see a scenario that we can use photovoltaic energy for charging vehicles that are incorporated into the vehicle. The presented research underlines the functional properties of electrical vehicle and illustrated literature review on recent developments of electrical vehicles. The research paper also explains the fundamental components of electrical vehicle incorporated with solar photovoltaic system. Research is useful in understanding properties and challenges in the field of electrical vehicles. This research also involves the characteristic analysis of electrical vehicles using mathematical modeling and design simulation. The secondary goal of this research is to implement the photovoltaic solar energy plant's equivalent design model and to evaluate the impact of partial shading in solar photovoltaic system performance evaluations. The solar photovoltaic system mathematical model was implemented using the matlab and its efficiency is evaluated by the solar photovoltaic system with PV and IV properties. For maximum power point monitoring using the cuckoo search algorithm was implemented.

A fuzzy-based technique is described for the maximum power position (M-PP) following for a system with the variable insolation. The considered system consists of a solar array with a boost converter.  The proposed approach was analyzed with the perturb and observe (PO) technique and incremental conductance (IN-Cond), which is extensively used from all traditional techniques for M-PP following. All strategies were modelled and analyzed in MATLAB/Simulink. The results gone show that the fuzzy method provides a good, also greater dependable technique.

The current deregulated power system structure demands stability, accuracy and rapid response day by day. The protection and reliability of the electric power system cannot be compromised by voltage instability. Flexible AC transmission system (FACTS) are therefore used with weak buses to recover and control voltage. Static Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM) and Static Var Compensator (SVC) provides fast working dynamic compensation when a significant fault arises. This article presents the enhancement of stability of voltage by minimizing the deviation of voltage of the 14-bus system of IEEE as a test system. For this, the SVSI index is used with STATCOM and SVC.

FDM (Fused Deposition Modeling) is favored to be applied for manufacturing over other methods of 3d printing these days. The FDM approach may easily be fit perfectly if a preset process and model are directed to the machine utilizing a data transmission device. There are various possibilities for altering the input values as per the user demand. In this work, PLA is employed for specimen production. The tests in this research were done to investigate how four process parameters which are layer thickness, infill percentage, extrusion temperature, and print speed influenced surface roughness. Furthermore, the relative influences of these components on the response have been discovered and optimized using the Taguchi approach, and findings have been derived. Furthermore, findings and significant analysis were done utilizing the ANOVA approach. The Confirmation testing for SR was done to validate the findings.

In additive manufacturing, fused deposition modeling is the most extensively utilized technology. It is the technique of building a three-dimensional object by depositing material in successive layers of a controlled environment. The limited choice of materials and the reality that FDM components are more often used as a presentation or conceptual parts rather than functioning parts are the main disadvantages of using fused deposition modeling (FDM) in industrial applications. Scientists have recently explored many approaches for broadening the range of materials that may be used in the FDM process, resulting in an increase in the employment of FDM in a variety of manufacturing industries. This is a comprehensive review of the literature on the subject of FDM with the goal of recommending future research directions aimed at boosting industry recognition of FDM printed components. The significance of reviewing the current research on this topic, not just to distinguish practical and useful aspects, key process parameters, and constrictions, but also to determine the extent wherein the results of these studies are useful and can be implemented in the future research and real-world applications.

Nowadays, the industrial requirement of new materials continually evolving the innovation in composite materials field. Functionally graded materials (FGMs) are specialized engineering materials with varying properties due to a geographic gradient in structure and composition. Numerous composites are being manufactured for specific purposes other than general features that are highly significant and valuable. This paper presents the findings on physical characteristics of glass fiber reinforced vinyl-ester homogenous and functionally graded polymer composites followed by the fabrication of both type of composites. The findings showed that the void fraction and water absorption are found to be enhanced in case of homogenous polymer composite than functionally graded polymer composite, and these charecteristics found to be increased with fiber loading.