Abstract:
The techniques of LCA and LCEA as they relate to building materials are thoroughly examined in this review paper. A summary of the fundamentals, stages, and important variables unique to building materials are presented first, then the significance of LCA in the engineering material sector is highlighted. Methodological techniques used in Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) are extensively discussed in the article. These techniques include uncertainty analysis, normalization, impact assessment, inventory analysis, and allocation methodologies. Subsequently, the study presents an extensive analysis of LCA research on a range of building materials, including steel, concrete, cement, and wood, looking at environmental factors and life cycle phases. Along with discussing circular economy ideas, renewable energy sources, technology advancements, and policy implications, the review also looks at current developments in life cycle assessment (LCA) for building materials. The difficulties and potential paths forward in implementing Life Cycle Assessments (LCAs) for building materials are examined, with a focus on the importance of data quality, standardization, integration of social factors, and industry-research collaboration. LCA has an imperative function in guiding informed decision-making, offering scholars, policymakers, and industry experts vital insights to improve sustainability within the building sector.
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