Word sense disambiguation (WSD), is an open problem of information retrieval domain. WSD leads to retrieval of multiple meanings for a single searched keyword. The efficiency of search results for an automated search machine depends on its efficiency to handle WSD to a large extent. This efficiency depends on the ability to precisely recall the required results against a user query. The weighted harmonic mean of precision and recall, the F- measure, also known as the F1-score is a scale of testing accuracy for an input dataset. This paper evaluates the WSD handling capacity of three major search engines, Google, Bing and Yahoo based on their F1 scores. The F1 scores for each search engine are based on their precision and query classification performances [1]. Ten queries are constructed from single keywords that produce different ambiguous meanings for different contexts. With varying index
sizes, number of results per page and different search ranking strategies, these search engines responded differently for our set of single keyword queries.
Finally, a comparison of the relevance of search results of Google, Bing and Yahoo for different ambiguous sensed results of single keyword queries is also discussed.

Research on Personality detection from the text has been increased tremendously in recent times. Research on personality detection models is an interdisciplinary area as it includes the studies from the behavioural science, psychology, sociology, and computer science. Personality detection from text means to extract the behavior characteristics of authors written the text. Personality detection models can be very useful in various domains like information filtering, e-commerce etc. by a user interface with help of interaction according to user's personality. In this paper, we propose to improve the performance of the personality detection method by including prominent emotion features with prominent text features. Prominent features are
extracted using Information Gain feature selection method. Proposed approach to develop the machine learning model with the help of proposed feature set produces the best results among other feature sets. Evaluation of the proposed personality detection models are performed on benchmark datasets.
Experimental results evidence the better performance of the proposed personality detection model .

Technology has flooded human being with information, we just need to dial the text and search a complete heap of data which is later segregated according to its usefulness. However, this segregation is very difficult and involves usage of a brilliant mind. Here comes the use of Automatic Text Summarization (ATS), which condenses this information into useful information, saving user's time and attracts a complete ground for research work in
Natural Language Processing (NLP). In this paper various statistical and linguistic features for a sentence are discussed. Based upon these features, weight is assigned to every sentence. According to this weight, importance of a sentence is decided into the summary. The summary generated by this method covers maximum theme with less redundancy. This work is done for the Hindi language .

Power industry has undergone significant change in the last two decades due to the introduction of new technological advancements, environmental drivers and changing weather patterns, changing customer needs, regulatory requirements, natural disasters and the possibility of cyber and physical attacks by terrorists. The planning, operation and control of electrical power and energy industry of future will be significantly different than it is today. There is also a major motivation for conserving natural resources, utilization of renewable energy sources, reduction in AT & C losses, reduction in carbon footprint, slashing peak demand by converting the existing grid into a smart grid. The deployment of microgrids could be an important aspect in
preventing wide-area blackouts. In this paper efforts have been made to include the recent technological developments about power and energy system particularly with reference to Indian National Grid.

Today for the growth of any nation energy is the most important commodity in the world. Out of all forms of energy electric energy is the most convenient form of energy as it can be converted into any other form very conveniently and efficiently. There are challenging problems associated with the power industry in the design of future power systems and in the modernization of existing ones to deliver quality power in a safe, clean and economical manner with a high degree of reliability.

The power distribution system has more real power losses than transmission system. Allocation of shunt capacitors in RDN acting a crucial role for reducing real & reactive power loss and also for enhancing bus voltages. This paper presents a power loss sensitivity technique to find out optimal size and location of shunt capacitors. The objective function is formulated to maximize net annual saving. The performance of the projected technique is experienced on 33 bus test distribution system. Obtain results are also compared with the results of other latest approaches and found that the proposed approach has superior ability in finding best solution.

The development of new learning algorithms for design of the neural networks is a potential research area. The design of neural network is based on selection of the optimal parameters to achieve higher learning speed and accuracy during recall. These design parameters are weights, no. of hidden layers and no. of neurons. With this motivation, this paper presents an application of Taguchi method to meet high accuracy requirements. Three design factors are considered as control factors which are namely input representation scheme, no. of hidden layers and no. of input nodes to design the neural network. This design has been tested over three benchmark optimization functions. It is observed that the proposed network shows better accuracy.

Free space optics (FSO) has the great prospective for future communication. FSO link is a license free, secure and easily deployable and offers low bit error rate link. Over the last two decades free space optical communication (FSO) has becomes progressively interesting as an adjacent or alternative to radio
frequency communication. In this paper analysis is performed for non return to zero (NRZ) and return to zero (RZ) line codes with various operating wavelengths using APD and PIN photodiodes receivers. The study comprises the effect of atmospheric attenuation due to scattering effects for different weather conditions and observes the pointing error and received signal power at different weather conditions.

Keywords: , pointing error, photo diode .

We propose three novel algorithms for video encryption and decryption. The algorithms also introduce additional one- level of encryption key into the existing methods. Data compression properties of the DWT (Discrete Wavelet Transform) are utilized to make the algorithm faster. The new algorithms
retain the robustness of existing image encryption-decryption algorithms. A video is a collection of frames and a frame is similar to an image i.e. it can be segregated into three primary color channels viz. R, G and B. These channels are compressed by the proposed methods by using two times DWT 2 (2-D Discrete Wavelet Transform). The compressed frame-channels are encrypted using 2-D FRT (The 2- D fractional Fourier transform) and random phase masks in two successive iterations. The encrypted channels are merged by two times application of IDWT 2 (2-D Inverse Discrete Wavelet Transform), generating a color encrypted frame. Decryption process is the inverse of the encryption process. Simulations are performed and the results of these simulations verify the proposals made in the new algorithms.

Period of study: - Wavelet Transform, Fractional Fourier Transform, Chaos, Random Phase Mask, Computational Complexity, video encryption.

In this paper, the effect of substrate on the structural and optical properties of TiO2 thin film prepared by pulsed laser deposition technique employing a KrF laser source (λ=248 nm) has been studied. Structural properties have been studied using XRD and AFM and optical properties have been studied using
photoluminescence and transmission spectra. TiO2 thin film deposited on different substrates shows pure anatase phase structure with (004) and (101) plane. In PL spectra, emission peaks superimposed on the broad emission band has been observed. It has been concluded that ITO glass substrate is the best choice for ITO thin film among the substrates studied here.

Driving safe is to reduce accident risk due to over- speeding, distractions, by diversion during invisibility in bad weathers, on bridges, sharp bends and hilly roads. Also accidents caused by late identification of vehicles. Alert/warning can be used to avoid unnecessary diversion. Speed limit signs are missed by
road users to regulate speed in sensitive areas and bad weather. Lane guidance practice is a line to separate lanes, sign boards used for sharp bends and speed limits and car lights and horn for identification between vehicles (all conditional). New technology alerts driver when off his lane by line sensing in those conditions and areas, alert other road users and also sharp bend warning included with signs/indications in the car. Speed limit built in the
car for attention of drivers in all conditions of the road, it is activated to indicate zone speed limit in the car and all road signs can also be built in the car. Vehicles identify each other at six (6) kilometer by their type (ID), count and distance. Also ID used as tracking for traffic control/data and security. A car is to demonstrate the proposed technology with devices/sensors to activate functions above .

National Highway - 65 is an important link connecting Ambala (Haryana) to Pali (Rajasthan). The traffic operation in between Gotiya village to Salasar town of this national highway which lies in Rajasthan state is not satisfactory. Due to Rapid growth in commercial vehicles plying on this stretch, existing
carriageway width varying from 6.5 m to 7.0 m is insufficient. The visual inspection regarding the condition of existing flexible pavement showed normal riding quality which causes delay and thus increases operation cost. Looking at the present traffic and expected growth in future traffic, it has been suggested that two lane 7 m wide carriageway with 1.5 m wide paved shoulders on either side should be provided to make traffic operation smooth
and safe. For structural design of the road, soil investigations including Modified Proctor test and California Bearing Ratio (CBR) test were carried out. Axle load survey data was used to calculate the vehicle damage factor (VDF) and thus design traffic was calculated. On the basis of design CBR of 12% and design traffic 75 million standard axle (msa), total crust thickness comes out to be 620 mm as per guidelines of IRC: 37-2001.

Collision Avoidance systems are one of the great challenges in the area of active safety for automobiles. Their function is to allow the driver enough time to avoid the crash. The frequency at which traffic collisions are reported is highest in India.The problem of road accidents is needed to be stopped at an
early stage otherwise they might cause huge problems. This paper reviews various developed and proposed mechanisms of collision avoidance systems of automobiles. Collision avoidance systems include sensors which sense the obstacles in the path and make vehicle to come to a stop. A review of three algorithms namely those of Honda, Mazda and Berkeley reveals that all these collision avoidance systems are based on intelligent sensor technology,
which automatically intervene to initiate actions designed to avoid collision. Each algorithm is adapted to a particular situation.

The consumption of crude oil has seen an increase of more than 40% worldwide in past few decades. In India, about 72% of crude oil is imported for fulfilment of requirements in coming years. The sources for crude oil are also limited and are bound to get depleted very soon. Apart from the shortage of fuel resources, emissions resulting from burning of fossil fuels in the engine is also a big problem. The gases emitted from the engine are very hazardous to human beings as well as animals. In the current global scenario,, it is necessary to find new fuels which are renewable and can be developed easily. A new alcohol-based fuel n- butanol, which is completely renewable, and which is made from lingo-cellulose, is used for the testing of a spark ignition engine.
In this paper, engine performance and emission parameters of single cylinder 4-stroke SI engine have been experimentally studied at various compression ratios (CRs) for petrol and petrol/n-butanol blends in a broad range of applied load without any tuning and modification of the engine. The performance
parameters such as brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) and brake thermal efficiency (BTE) have been evaluated for petrol and blends of petrol/n-butanol such as B0 (100% petrol), B5 (95% petrol + 5% n-butanol by volume), B10, B15, B20 and B25 at compression ratios of 4.67:1, 6:1 and 8:1. Similarly emission parameters for CO, CO₂ , HC and NOx have also been evaluated and analysed. Results of study show that, the BTE increases and BSFC reduces when blend of n-butanol is used, as a result of proper fuel combustion and higher oxygen content. As the compression ratio increased, the BTE also increased by 18.63% and by adding 25% n-butanol, it increased by 23.24%. The emissions of Carbon monoxide (CO), Carbon dioxide (CO₂), Hydro Carbons (HC) and Nitrogen oxides (NOx ) were also found reduced by 92.18%, 23%, 38.14% and 18.29% respectively with the fuel B25 at a CR of 6:1 as compared with those of petrol at original CR.

The global threat of depletion of fossil fuels is a major concern. In addition, the pollution due to vehicles in metro cities & urban areas is increasing continuously. However, adoption of traditional bicycle is low due to more fatigue required in cycling. Today the use of Electrical Folding Bicycle can help in reducing air pollution, enhancing the mobility of the elderly and lame and, when used by the able bodied, can prove a practical substitute for many car trips of less than 10 km. This paper delineates the design, fabrication and testing of an efficient electrical folding bicycle having high strength and light weight as a potential answer to this need. The primary purpose of this vehicle is to fold by reducing to 50% volumetric area for easy transportation. To operate the bicycle by electric d.c. motor running by led acid dry battery which would be charged by the electric current and transport its rider from one location to other in a single charge with 5 hours back-up time. Innovation is to design a foldable frame of Al6061 by joining four different folding joints for  achieving folding and opening in hybrid mode as per rider's need. Advanced techniques of modelling and Finite Element Analysis (FEA) have been used to test the design of this model. A prototype was fabricated and tested to ensure the safety of the rider .

In the present industrial scenario, Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems are in great demand both by manufacturing and service organizations. It provides an integrated solution for information system needs of an organization. ERP system modules are highly complex and well ntegrated information system modules. The implementation of these ERP modules is a difficult task. It places great demands in terms of time and resources. Most of the ERP implementations programs fail because they do not realize predetermined corporate goals. This article identifies issues and procedures for implementation critical to a successful application of ERP.