The performance of structures under blast loading conditions is attracting significant attention from researchers and engineers to ensure the safety of structures against terrorist attacks and accidental explosions. Time history analysis is considered a conventional method of blast load analysis. However, it is proposed by some researchers that in the early design stages, a simplified analysis approach can be adopted by considering the blast load as an equivalent static load. For the detailed analysis, a time history analysis can be performed. The present study compares the blast load response of a building obtained by an equivalent static blast load approach with that obtained by a dynamic analysis approach. A 3-storey reinforced concrete (RC) building designed for seismic load is considered for the investigation. To simulate different blast loading conditions, charge weights 1000 kg and 500 kg of TNT and standoff distances 5m, 10m, 15m, 30m, and 60m are considered. The response regarding base shear, maximum top storey displacement, and inter-story drift is compared. The results show that as the standoff distance increases and charge weight reduces, responses obtained by an equivalent static analysis approach are close to those obtained by dynamic analysis.

Flower also known as bloom or blossom often believed as natural item to show the love, peace, affection and complement. Among various countries in the world, India has fourth largest production of flowers. It is also found that rose flower are most preferable flower by people to exchange their feeling on different events. However, rose flower plants are suffered by different diseases. The reasons of these diseases are occurrence of bacteria, virus or fungi in these plants. Every farmer wants to get increase in flower production and concentrate more on the detection of disease, if any, in the early phase of plant growth. 

This paper propose an approach based on image processing and machine learning to correctly detect the plants which are affecting by a particular disease. We have used a dataset of digital images that contains a large set of healthy and unhealthy images of rose plants. We have used color threshold algorithm in order to segment leaf from its background. We have used image processing methods to extract a set of features and develop various classification models. In this work, we have used recall, precision and accuracy parameters for performance evaluation. We have performed various experiments by considering different ratios of training and testing samples on original and augmented datasets. From the all experiments, it is found that the precision, recall and accuracy of proposed approach is highest for random forest based prediction model and lowest for SVM based prediction model in detection of flower plant diseases. In summary, we have achieved the 98.57% accuracy for the detection of Black Spot and Downy Mildew diseases in rose flowers.

Verification of the identity of each passenger at an airport is paramount to the security of the airport infrastructure as well as for the passengers. This research paper intends to automate the passenger verification process and make it a contact less and time saving experience for passengers by developing an application that scans the QR code on the e-ticket of the passenger, issued by the airline and allows the passenger to verify himself to the airport security agencies. We have developed a GUI application that will have access to a webcam using which the QR code will be scanned on the e-ticket. The application will then fetch data of the user from the airport authority’s database. The passenger will then have an option to verify himself, edit the data if required. Once the user verifies himself, the information is shared with the security agencies and the user is granted the access. In this study, we had tried to reduce the load on airport security check-in system that make the process contactless and reduce the turnaround time of flights.

The increased reliance on digital images in various domains has led to a growing need for effective image encryption techniques. This study provides a thorough analysis of image encryption methods, providing an overview of their principles, advantages, and limitations. The review covers symmetric and asymmetric encryption algorithms, chaos-based encryption, visual cryptography, and transform domain techniques.

By exploring these techniques, researchers and practitioners gain valuable insights into their security, computational efficiency, and applicability in different scenarios. The comparative analysis helps in understanding the trade-offs involved in selecting the most suitable technique for specific requirements. The review also addresses challenges in image encryption, such as maintaining image quality, ensuring data integrity, and countering attacks.

The findings of this review aid in decision-making processes, enabling the selection of appropriate image encryption techniques for secure digital image communication and storage. Moreover, it highlights potential research directions and emerging trends, encouraging further improvements in image encryption technology.

Digital filter is a system, which applies a mathematical operation to discrete time signal x[n] in order to diminish or increase the particular aspect of signal. In this
manuscript, infinite impulse response (IIR) digital Narrow Band Stop (NBS) filter is employed. In filter design, a band stop filter, also known as a band reject filter, is a filter that allows most frequencies unchanged but has a very low level in a particular range. A band-stop filter with a condensed stop- band is a notch filter or Narrow Band Stop (NBS) filter. This paper carries out the hardware implementation of the digital Notch (NBS) filter. We have used IIR direct form- II structures for implementation. Time-changing bandwidth notch filters have been implemented using IIR structures. Xilinx ISE Tool is used to implement the suggested design on an FPGA. This Notch filter is also validated using MATLAB for sampling frequency of 1000 samples/second with notch frequency of 300 Hz. Here the input test data is taken with three frequency component of 100, 300 and 700 Hz. The hardware and software (MATLAB) implemented results clearly stops the 300 Hz frequency component with improved timing.

Terahertz radiation situated between infrared and milimeter waves on the electromagnetic spectrum has concentrated considerable attention on its remarkable potential in medical diagnosis and biomedical applications over the last three decades. The exploration of terahertz interaction with biological systems has given rise to an exciting field in the life sciences. Terahertz radiation demonstrated its ability to diagnose various diseases like brain cancer, thyroid nodules, and eye conditions. This comprehensive review delves into the biological attributes of THz waves and their clinical applications, with a primary focus on the remarkable progress made in utilising THz technology for head and neck diseases. We examine the current state of research, offering insights into the promising role of THz technology in enhancing diagnosis and treatment for these specific conditions.

The Arduino Based IoT Mini Weather Station is a cost-effective and versatile project that allows users to monitor weather conditions in real-time. The project uses an Arduino Uno microcontroller and multiple sensors, including the DHT11, MQ-3, BMP180, and BH1750, to measure temperature, humidity, alcohol gas concentration, atmospheric pressure and light intensity. The data collected by the sensors is displayed on an I2C LCD 16x2 display and is sent to a cloud server using the ThingSpeak API via an ESP01 Wi-Fi module. The practical applications of the project include agriculture, outdoor activities, meteorology, and energy efficiency. The project's versatility and cost-effectiveness make it a valuable tool for individuals and organizations interested in monitoring weather conditions in real time. Overall, the project demonstrates the potential of IoT technology and the value of monitoring weather conditions in real-time.

The objective of this paper is to implement the idea of creating a notes-sharing application where students can share their notes, assignments, files, video, etc. with fellow students specific to their institute. Students can attach any type of file format to share notes with specific students or share them publicly. When notes are shared publicly, they will be visible to everyone on the public wall of an institute. Another objective of our application is to connect more and more students and provide them with learning via the notes shared by other students so that they can get notes on any subject at a single platform and start preparing them. They would also be able to download the notes and view them in the noteshare application itself.

Sustainable growth is severely hampered by the rising amount of waste produced in urban areas. Intelligent waste management systems have been created as a solution to this issue. The purpose of this research study is to develop a Smart Trash-bin based on Automatic Recycling and Segregation of Household Waste (STARS-HW) using IoT-based technology. The suggested technique separates dry and wet waste automatically. The device uses ultrasonic sensors to measure the amount of garbage currently present inside the system and whether a user is nearby or not. After processing the collected data, an Arduino microcontroller opens the trashcan’s lid and lets the trash inside. The STARS-HW system promotes household waste recycling and encourages users to separate their waste. The suggested technology has undergone testing and validation in a domestic setting, and the outcomes demonstrate that the STARS- HW system is effective and efficient at classifying and separating household waste.

Keywords—Smart waste management, Arduino, Sensors, Recycling, Segregation, Household waste, Technology.

Analysis of overall Heat transfer in Shell and tube heat exchanger can be done by changing various structural parameters, such as baffle cut, space between baffles, shape of baffles or tube shape and size. In this report, all the analysis is done on the shell side. Analysis of shell side fluid temperature and heat transfer is done by using a commercial CFD package. Study is done on a single pass shell and tube heat exchanger with turbulent flow. Simulation data are obtained for shell and tube heat exchanger with helical tube and inclined baffles (25% and 36% cut) with inclination angle of 5⁰, 10⁰ and 15⁰ respectively. In this report, simulation is done using CFD (Ansys Fluent) for 5°, 10° and 15° inclination of baffle and it is observed that, for 10° baffle inclination, highest thermal performance is observed as compared to the 5°, and 15°.

Determining the physical characteristics of substances is crucial in the number of sophisticated engineering applications. The physical characteristics of fluids (liquids and gases), such as thermal conductivity, specific heat, density, etc. have a great influence on the design of several engineering applications, such as heat exchangers. One of the goals of this study is to reinforce and enhance certain heat transport concepts, such as convection.

This research provides a comprehensive experimental analysis of the laminar and transitional behavior of five wire coils with various pitch sizes inside a smooth tube. The heat transfer and pressure drop inside a circular tube fitted with a coiled wired turbulator are reported for a turbulent regime with Reynolds number ranging from 2000 to 10000 and a Prandtl number of 0.7. Results have shown a considerable increase in the pressure drop proportional to the pitch of the spring and thickness of the wire. As compared to regular pipes and coiled pipes with different pitches, the heat transfer characteristics of the conical coil is superior. The conical sets with decreasing pitch appear to have the greatest effectiveness for this improvement. The highest value of the coefficient of friction is noted at Reynolds numbers ranging between 2200 and 3000.

The technique of material morphological analysis offers a comprehensive examination of the crystalline and amorphous characteristics of materials, along with valuable insights into their surface properties. The utilisation of Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) as an imaging technique is highly advantageous for the examination and interpretation of the surface-topography of solid materials at significant levels of magnification. Similar to this, atomic force microscopy (AFM) is a scientific technique used to look at the surface properties of materials at the micro- and nanoscale levels. In this work, SEM and AFM methods are used to analyze injection-molded Polypropylene (PP) - Alumina composites.

Currently, Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) is a preferred method for 3D printing in manufacturing when compared to other techniques. The FDM methodology can be seamlessly integrated by configuring a predetermined procedure and framework to the apparatus through a data transmission mechanism. There exist multiple options for modifying the input parameters in accordance with the user's requirements. In this work, the most commonly used FDM material namely PLA and a supportive material glass fiber are used for the experiments (specimen fabrication). The experiments in this study were done to see how process parameters like layer thickness, infill%, raster angle and infill material variation PLA+5-10% glass fiber, affected their response variables which are surface roughness, tensile strength, and impact strength. Also, The Taguchi approach was utilised to optimise and determine the respective effects of the components on the response, resulting in the derivation of findings. Moreover, the ANOVA method was employed to conduct pertinent analysis and draw conclusions. Results show a uniform variation of all responses with layer thickness parameter which was found significant and the most influencing factor as well. While raster angle was found significant factor only in surface roughness response analysis. Similarly, infill% was found significant only in tensile strength response analysis. The addition of supportive material was found affirmative for mechanical property enhancement but degraded the surface quality of the fabricated specimens.

Energy efficiency in buildings has emerged as a critical aspect of sustainable development and environmental conservation. This research paper presents a comprehensive review of energy-efficient building design strategies, technologies, and practices. The paper covers Energy modelling and simulation with eQUEST Software that can be used in the designing, development, and operation of buildings to increase its energy efficiency. This includes passive design features, such as building orientation and envelope, as well as active systems, such as HVAC, equipment, and lighting. Moreover, it highlights the role of building regulations, certification systems, and occupant behavior in achieving energy efficiency goals. The paper concludes with a discussion of future goals in energy-efficient building design.

The design and fabrication of a portable vertical axis wind turbine is provided in this publication. Reviewing the behavior of the Vertical Axis Wind Turbine (VAWT), current technology state, novel modelling discoveries, and potential future directions for VAWTs. It has been noted that VAWT is crucial to the current energy issue. Due to the current non-renewable energy dilemma, one can imagine that humans will live in a planet with wind turbines and solar panels. A promising renewable energy source has been discovered as wind energy. Although the whole life cycle accounting demonstrates that vertical axis wind turbines (VAWTs) are superior to horizontal axis wind turbines (HAWTs) in terms of cost or materials, the VAWTs currently do not produce enough energy due to a number of issues that are covered in this study[8]. By including the deflector system that directs the wind toward the turbine blades, the efficiency of drag-driven VAWT (Savonius type), lift-driven VAWT (Darrius type), and hybrids of both (D+S) turbines can be raised. There are numerous studies being conducted at this level right now. A thorough analysis of the current technological developments in VAWT revealed that China has been the field's top researcher for the previous few years, with European nations filling in behind them.[4]

Alice Munro, born on July 10, 1931, is a Canadian short story writer widely regarded as one of the greatest contemporary writers in the English language. Her personal life has been as fascinating as her literary works. Munro grew up in rural Ontario and attended the University of Western Ontario before marrying James Munro and moving to Vancouver Island, where they ran a bookstore together. The couple had three daughters, and Munro continued to write in the spare moments she could find between raising her children and running the bookstore. In 1972, she and her husband separated, and Munro moved to Clinton, Ontario, where she still resides today. Despite her success as a writer, Munro has always remained grounded and humble, choosing to lead a quiet and private life. In 2013, she was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature, becoming the first Canadian woman to receive the prestigious award. This Canadian author known for her masterful short stories that explore the complexities of human relationships and the intricacies of small-town life. She is widely regarded as one of the most talented and celebrated short story writers of that time. Born in 1931 in the small Canadian town of Wingham, Over the course of her career, Munro has developed several recurring themes that are evident in her work. In this essay, we will explore these themes in more detail, and consider how they contribute to Munro's unique literary voice.

Water is required for all life forms. Being the natural resource, it is the right of every individual to get the safe, clean and disinfected water for their use in adequate quantity. Due to increase in the urbanization, industrialization, population, global warming etc., exploitation of natural resources has increased extensively.  Other than the depletion of quantity of safe drinking water, human interference has also degraded the quality of water by the insertion of industrial waste, domestic waste, agricultural waste, bio-medical waste etc. These substances have abruptly altered the natural composition of water. For the decontamination of water, several techniques have been identified and are in practice. Out of these,  nanotechnology has been reported to demonstrate highly active against water decontamination and proved to be one of the most advanced and effective technique. Owing to their nano size, high rate of reaction, chemical stability and high surface area, nanomaterials are better agents against water remediation as compared to their bulky particles. This review paper mainly focuses on the use of various types of nanomaterials like metal nanoparticles, nano metal oxides, carbon based nanomaterials, dendrimers, zeolites and nanocomposites for the purification of drinking water. Use of these nanomaterials as catalysts, sorbent, membrane etc. has also been identified. Besides, a few drawbacks associated with nanotechnology along with their remediation have also been discussed in this paper.

The multiple Erdélyi-Kober integral of the I-function connected to Srivastava polynomials is presented in this paper. Here, a few inferences using the - and H-functions are obtained. As particular examples of the original conclusion, countless more integrals emerge because of the universal nature of the I-function and Srivastava polynomials.

In this paper we apply generalized fractional calculus operators on extended generalized hypergeometric function involving Srivastava extended beta function and establish some interesting results in terms of Hadamard products. Various integral transforms of these operators have also been established. The usefulness of the results presented in the paper has been pointed out by indicating their relations with other special functions and class of fractional calculus operators.