The techniques of LCA and LCEA as they relate to building materials are thoroughly examined in this review paper. A summary of the fundamentals, stages, and important variables unique to building materials are presented first, then the significance of LCA in the engineering material sector is highlighted. Methodological techniques used in Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) are extensively discussed in the article. These techniques include uncertainty analysis, normalization, impact assessment, inventory analysis, and allocation methodologies. Subsequently, the study presents an extensive analysis of LCA research on a range of building materials, including steel, concrete, cement, and wood, looking at environmental factors and life cycle phases. Along with discussing circular economy ideas, renewable energy sources, technology advancements, and policy implications, the review also looks at current developments in life cycle assessment (LCA) for building materials. The difficulties and potential paths forward in implementing Life Cycle Assessments (LCAs) for building materials are examined, with a focus on the importance of data quality, standardization, integration of social factors, and industry-research collaboration. LCA has an imperative function in guiding informed decision-making, offering scholars, policymakers, and industry experts vital insights to improve sustainability within the building sector.

The current construction boom has made it imperative to develop an additional cementing material that improves strength while having less of an adverse transform on the circumstances. Through the precipitation of calcium carbonate, GGBFS has ability to expand the strength of cement mortar. To determine its application in this regard, GGBFS is used in the current study. GGBFS is tested for consistency and specific gravity, among other things, to see how it affects cement. In the current study, inspection including the compression strength, density, and water absorption test are utilized to determine how the mechanical characteristics of cement mortar vary. The compressive test of the mortar cube was seen to rise (at 7 and 28 days) as the content of GGBFS increased up to 30%.  During injecting GGBFS, the mean compressive strength surpasses that of the control samples by 65% and 99%, respectively, after 7 and 28 days. After a week of curing, the strength may have increased more because of the sample's increased density and decreased water cement ratio. The minimal cumulative water absorption of 2.93%, measured with a 30% replacement of cement by GGBFS, indicates the hardness of mortar.

For the treatment of greywater, the influence of various modified sand filters was assessed generated from a student dinning hall. The conventional sand filter and different material’s layer introduced in each sand filter media was Sawdust (SD) and Activated Carbon (AC) in the powdered form, to improve the performance of the filter middle layer of the sand is modified with Iron scraps as zero-valent iron (ZVI). With the assistance of the four filters, the evaluation was made on the effect of the pH, electrical conductivity, hardness, alkalinity and the removal of turbidity, BOD and TDS. According to the results, Activated Carbon filter (ACF) shows 85.87% of turbidity removal, 38.4% total solid removal has been shown in ACF, 55% BOD removal can be achieved through ACF. Zero-valent-Iron filter (ZVIF) has immensely increased the value of EC and pH.

Every year, India produces a massive amount of debris from construction and destruction. The disposal of garbage has become problematic since these waste products require a huge space to be dumped. Furthermore, the ongoing depletion of natural resources in the manufacturing of traditional concrete raises the price of fine and coarse aggregate and reduces their availability. Thus, there is expanding interest in the potential application of using demolition debris to create coarse aggregate through recycling building sector. Beyond the environmental benefits of reducing the demand for land for waste disposal, recycling demolition wastes can contribute to the conservation of natural resources. Evaluation of recycled coarse aggregate's mechanical, physical, and long-lasting qualities is crucial when using it in structural concrete. To determine whether to use concrete using recycled coarse aggregate (RCA) as structural concrete, its mechanical and physical qualities must be examined. The goal of the current investigation is to evaluate concrete that has had all its NCA completely replaced with RCA. Additionally, the mechanical and durability test results are assessed and contrasted with NCA concrete. The high percentage of water absorption in RCA concrete is the primary issue. Like natural coarse aggregate concrete, RCA has a high compressive strength. This is mostly because the recycled coarse aggregate has a lot of mortar on to its surface and the RCA is highly angular, which results in coarse aggregate of low quality. The experimental investigation results indicate that RCA's high percentage of water absorption property qualifies it for usage as structural concrete in specific applications.

Various laboratory and field tests are conducted to acquire essential engineering characteristics of soil for the purpose of design. The properties of soil play a significant role in the design of foundations and earth-retaining structures. The outcomes of laboratory examinations carried out on soil specimens obtained from three diverse areas of Rajasthan are presented herein. Efforts were made to enhance the soil's shear strength property by utilizing a natural fiber. Cocopeat is one such natural fiber that is commonly used in soil stabilization. The present study investigates and reports the impact of two varying percentages of cocopeat on the soil's strength. It is found that the soil reinforced with cocopeat has achieved improved angle of internal friction values.

Abstract-In the fast-paced terrain of the digital world, websites serve as the digital front doors of companies, which is why it is essential to optimise the performance of these websites. This abstract examines the usefulness of online analytics in improving conversion rates as well as the efficacy of websites as a whole. This abstract dives into those aspects. It emphasises the necessity of measuring key performance indicators (KPIs), such as bounce rates, click-through rates, and session length, and explains how these metrics give a holistic perspective of the efficacy of a website. The abstract places a strong emphasis on the function that user segmentation and demographic data play in the process of customising content and design to suit to the tastes of a variety of audiences. The summary emphasises the significance of A/B testing and multivariate testing as essential tools for clinical research organisations (CRO). These experiments provide website proprietors with the ability to systematically evaluate the effect of modifications made to sections of their websites, which assists in determining which variations provide the greatest results. Additionally, ethical questions are discussed, with an emphasis placed on the significance of protecting one's privacy and data in this day and age of expanding data regulation.

This paper explores the difficulties that Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) encounter in keeping networks secure. While IDS are vital for identifying and stopping cyber threats, they face several obstacles. These challenges range from inaccuracies in detecting threats to struggles with managing large volumes of data. Additionally, attackers constantly develop new techniques to evade detection, further complicating the task of IDS. The paper discusses these challenges and proposes future directions to enhance IDS effectiveness. By addressing these issues, we can improve the security of computer networks and better protect against cyber threats.

The Arduino Based Integrated Connectivity Helmet is a versatile project that allows users to ride their motorbikes with better and advance safety features. This project uses an Arduino Mega 2560 microcontroller and multiple sensors, including the Ultrasonic Distance Sensor Module (HC SR04), Bluetooth module (HC-05) and a Collision Detection Sensor (YL-99) that would sense any sort of collision or accident of the user and send an emergency message to other contacts through Bluetooth interfaced with an application in the user’s mobile phone. The data collected by the sensors is to be displayed on an Arduino 128x64 OLED display. Overall, the project demonstrates the potential of modern technology that could improve the safety of the bike riders.

Electric vehicles (EVs) are gaining popularity thanks to advancements in green energy technology. However, a major concern for potential users is range anxiety—the fear that an EV might run out of power before reaching a destination. A key factor contributing to this concern is the impact of passenger weight on the vehicle's range. Extra weight from passengers increases energy consumption, particularly in stop-and-go traffic, leading to reduced driving range.

To address this issue, we developed a method to improve range prediction by considering the effect of passenger weight. Our approach uses real-world data to understand how passenger load impacts energy consumption, especially when battery levels and vehicle speed are constant. By fine-tuning the range prediction model based on passenger weight, we aim to reduce range anxiety while ensuring optimal vehicle performance.

This research offers a practical solution to range anxiety by providing more accurate range estimates, helping EV drivers feel more confident about their vehicle's capabilities. This improvement could encourage wider adoption of electric vehicles, benefiting both the environment and drivers.

This research paper introduces a novel cost-effective design for a Diesel Exhaust Waste Heat Recovery System (WHRS) tailored for both Bus Rapid Transport System (BRTS) in Jaipur and stationary applications. The proposed design aims to fulfill the essential design constraints for WHRS while ensuring robustness and adherence to Indian Pollution Control Standards. The study employs numerical simulations and optimization techniques using CFD software, specifically Ansys FLUENT and Ansys Workbench, with a parametric study approach. The optimization process considers various waste heat recovery system geometries, ensuring compliance with both performance requirements and geometrical constraints. The presented design offers a promising solution for efficiently harnessing waste heat in diesel exhaust, contributing to sustainable and energy-efficient transportation and stationary systems.

The manufacturing sector is undergoing a revolution driven by technological advances and virtual reality (VR) and the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT)  have emerged as powerful tools that can automate various aspects of the process. Production. The combination of these two cutting-edge technologies has resulted in a new paradigm that is reshaping traditional production processes.  Virtual Reality (VR) is revolutionizing the manufacturing industry, delivering many benefits throughout the production value chain. This article examines the current state of virtual reality and the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) in manufacturing, demonstrating its application in design, prototyping, training, production optimization and maintenance. We also examine the challenges and limitations associated with the adoption of VR and propose future research directions to unlock its potential.Through a thorough review of existing literature, case studies and empirical evidence, this article highlights the symbiotic relationship between VR and IIoT and explores their combined potential to  transform design,  production, maintenance  and overall performance in the industrial sector.

A new era in manufacturing is currently in progress with the emergence of Industry 4.0, characterized by extensive connectivity and intelligence based on data. The two influential factors of artificially intelligent systems (AI) and machine learning (ML) are revolutionizing the production sector. The advancements in technology have placed Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) at the forefront of modern production, transforming conventional processes into intelligent, adaptable, and sustainable operations. As catalysts, ML and AI extract valuable insights from vast amounts of data obtained from interconnected devices and procedures. AI is bringing about a revolution in predictive maintenance by forecasting equipment failures before they result in significant disruptions to operations. With the remarkable accuracy of ML algorithms in identifying defects, quality control becomes a precise orchestration that ensures flawless products.The pursuit of progress is an everlasting journey where the art of machine learning refines and perfects various elements to achieve the pinnacle of productivity, minimize wastefulness, and attain the utmost efficiency. The convergence of ML and AI in the realm of manufacturing, characterized by intelligence, adaptability, and ecological consciousness, presents a thrilling opportunity for an industrial revolution. By embracing their revolutionary potential, we can construct a future of astute and resilient manufacturing industries that are dedicated to the environment, leaving behind a legacy of innovation and environmental stewardship. This article delves deeper into the challenges and possibilities surrounding the utilization of ML and AI in production, while also outlining strategies for seamless integration and the enhancement of labor skills. The immense potential of machine learning, serving as the foundation of Industry 4.0, is laid bare in this article, providing a glimpse into a future of intelligent, malleable, and environmentally aware production.

Keywords–Industry 4.0, Predictive Maintenance,Smart manufacturing, Artificial intelligence, Sustainable Manufacturing, Internet of things

This review paper comprehensively examines the landscape of part programming languages in the realm of Computer Numerical Control (CNC) machining. The paper delves into the historical progression of part programming languages, starting from the conventional G-code programming to high-level languages and contemporary approaches such as conversational programming and CAM systems. Additionally, the integration of CAD and CAM systems is explored, emphasizing the seamless translation of design specifications into CNC programs.

The energy generation by a photovoltaic power plant seems as nonpolluting method of energy generation. Therefore, LCA methodology is applied to analyze the environmental impact created in span of complete life of a PV power plant. The GHG emission, that is one of the impact indicators is analyzed in this paper. Energy consumed in manufacturing, assembling, transporting and in installing a PV power plant contribute to the GHG emission. From the LCA methodology, it is found that the profit of 120 ×10⁶ kg CO2-eq/yr is earned by the PV power generation setup. The GHG emission saving further be improve if the energy consumption in manufacturing stage could be reduced.

Monitoring the temperature of cutting tools is of utmost importance in machining process. Elevated tool temperatures have adverse consequences on the tool material thereby leading to a reduction in the lifespan of the tool. The present investigation focusses its attention on the real-time measurement of cutting temperature and cutting speed through the application of Internet of Things (IoT) during lathe turning operations. A configuration of apparatus comprising of K-type thermocouples, infrared sensors, and inductive pickups is employed to evaluate the cutting temperature and cutting speed in real-time throughout the process of turning of AISI 1018 steel. Data acquisition was done by bridging software using Arduino UNO R3 controller board. The outcomes obtained from the experiments demonstrates that the integrated thermocouple technique is quite dependable, precise, accurate, and economically viable for the purpose of measuring temperature in real-time This technique can offer valuable insights for optimizing cutting parameters, enhancing productivity, and prolonging the lifespan of the tool.

Aramid fiber reinforced epoxy composites have gained significant attention due to their excellent mechanical properties and low density. However, the performance of these composites can be further improved by modifying the surface and interface interactions. This review article provides an overview of various surface and interface modifications that have been employed to enhance the mechanical, thermal, and interfacial properties of aramid fiber reinforced epoxy composites. The methods discussed include surface treatments, interfacial adhesion promoters, and nanomaterial reinforcements. The impact of these modifications on the overall performance of the composites is thoroughly discussed, providing insights into the future directions for optimizing the properties of these advanced materials.

In order to provide environmentally friendly transportation options, the worldwide automobile industry is moving toward electric cars (EVs). India, a country with a fast-expanding economy, is enacting laws to encourage electric mobility as a result of its struggles with urbanization and environmental issues. This research looks at the National Electric Mobility Mission Plan (NEMMP) and the Faster Adoption and Manufacturing of Hybrid and Electric Vehicles (FAME) scheme's effects on India's electric vehicle laws. The acceptance of EVs, business investments, and infrastructural expansion are all noteworthy. Delhi, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, and Karnataka lead the way in state-level initiatives in terms of duration and focus. Problems include expensive prices, a short range, and an unequal infrastructure for charging, necessitating constant improvements and breakthroughs in technology. Comparing India to other countries shows how far the country has come. Moving forward, the country will focus on improving policies, developing new technologies, boosting domestic manufacturing, expanding its charging infrastructure, and conducting research. The FAME scheme's success emphasizes cooperation between legislators, businesses, and consumers and creates the foundation for long-term prosperity.

The camshaft is a crucial element in internal combustion engines, working alongside the crankshaft to convert its rotation into the necessary reciprocating motion for opening and closing engine valves. This action controls the fuel flow into the combustion chamber. Material selection and design significantly affect the camshaft's efficiency. Enhancing the engine's effectiveness involves a meticulous choice of camshaft materials, which can be analyzed through finite element analysis. This study aims to assess various commonly used materials in camshaft production. The primary focus is on evaluating the equivalent stress, strain, and total deformation across different materials across different materials. The appropriate material for the camshaft is identified after comparison.