Abstract:
Among the various nanoparticles, CuO nanoparticles (NPs) have earned significant attention of many researchers across the world due to their distinctive and unique characteristics, including small particle size, high surface area, reactivity, catalytic capabilities, and high surface to volume ratio. These characteristics have led to the usage of CuONPs in a wide range of commercial, industrial, and biological domains, including gas sensors, electrical materials, surfactants, antimicrobials and many more. However, prolonged usage of CuONPs has increased human exposure to these particles, raising the possibility of toxicity-related risks.
This review paper mainly focuses on the study of toxicological effects of copper oxide nanoparticles, with particular attention paid to in-vitro and in-vivo studies on a variety of cells and species, including humans, fish, rats, bacteria, and algae. Even the literature review mentioned the cytotoxic effect on human cells, including skin, lung, kidney and hepatic cells. The cytotoxic action of CuONPs depends on the production of reactive oxygen species, oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, result in inflammation, genotoxicity, immunotoxicity, neurotoxicity etc.
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